Summary: In 2000, the leadership of the National Academies accepted an invitation from the leadership of the Iranian Academy of Sciences and the Iranian Academy of Medical Sciences to visit Iran. During the visit, the Americans had the opportunity both to meet with counterparts of the host academies and to consult with other colleagues at a number of Iranian universities and research centers. At the conclusion of the visit, the leaders of the five academies agreed to undertake during the period from 2000-2002 an ambitious program of bilateral scientific cooperation, beginning with inter-academy workshops on several topics of mutual interest, and indeed world-wide interest. Each of the four workshops included presentations on relevant science, technology and education interests of the United States and Iran and on opportunities for joint efforts in the future.