Translated Reports

Some National Academies reports and other publications are available in translation. These reports are free online in PDF version to users in most developing countries. View available reports below, by language.

Select Language of Interest:
Chinese Japanese
Croatian Russian
French Spanish
German


Cooperation in the Energy Futures of China and the United States (Chinese version, 2000) - This paper is the work of a collaboration between the Chinese Academy of Sciences, the Chinese Academy of Engineering, the US National Academy of Sciences, and the US National Academy of Engineering. Together China and...

Designer Seeds (Chinese Version, 2001-2002) - One of the earliest methods to help plants survive disease and insect infestation was to cross-breed plants that could survive these assaults with plants that could not in the hopes of passing on the 'resistant' gene. ...

Curing Childhood Leukemia (Chinese version, 2001-2002) - Cancer is an insidious disease where ones own cells reproduce uncontrollably. This article describes the treatment developed for leukemia, a cancer of the blood and bone marrow....

Disarming a Deadly Virus (Chinese version, 2000-2001 ) - Proteases are a class of enzymes that degrade proteins by cutting the bond between the amino acids that make up the protein. Scientists realized that enzymes act on specific molecules called substrates by binding to...

From Explosives to the Gas that Heals (Chinese version, 2000-2001) - Alfred Nobel is best remembered for the Nobel Prizes awarded in his name every year. But he was also the inventor of dynamite, an explosive made from nitroglycerin. This article tells the story of how nitroglycerin (via...

Human Gene Testing (Chinese version, 2000-2002) - Buried in the cells of each newborn is a unique set of genetic instructions. These molecular blueprints not only shape how the child will grow and develop and whether it will have brown eyes or blue, but what sorts of...

Preserving the Miracle of Sight (Chinese version, 2000-2001) - This article tells the story of how medical research into the structure of the eye and research in physics on light and lasers met to benefit diabetes patients and others with eye problems. In 1918, an...

Sound from Silence (Chinese version, 2000-2001) - This article tells the story of how research into the structure of the inner ear was combined with research in the telecommunications industry to produce a device which enables deaf people to hear....

Sounding Out the Ocean's Secrets (Chinese version, 2000-2001 ) - Early 19th century investigators realized that the speed of sound in water is different from its speed in air. The US Naval officers using sound to measure distance encountered problems they couldn’t explain with their...

The Hepatitis B Story (Chinese version, 2000-2001) - Although hepatitis had been recognized for centuries, it was in the 1940s when doctors came to suspect that a virus carried in human blood was responsible. The breakthrough came from a study in which researchers were...

The Ozone Depletion Phenomenon (Chinese version, 2000-2001) - Like an infection that grows more and more virulent, the continent-size hole in Earth's ozone layer keeps getting bigger and bigger. Each year since the late 1970s, much of the protective layer of stratospheric ozone...

When the Earth Moves (Chinese version, 2000-2001) - The development of the seismograph enabled seismologists to detect and locate earthquakes and probe the interior of the planet. This knowledge led to the idea in 1915 that the seven continents were once one large land...

Modern Communication (Chinese version, 2000-2001) - Many new technologies rely on lasers and fiber optics. The principle behind a laser lies embedded in the heart of quantum mechanics. Einstein built on the theory of quantum mechanics to explain the photoelectric effect...

The Global Positioning System (Chinese version, 2000-2001) - For centuries, navigators and explorers have searched the heavens for a system that would enable them to locate their position on the globe with the accuracy necessary to avoid tragedy and to reach their intended...

Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals -- French Version (1996) - The Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals incorporates recent research on commonly used species, including farm animals, and includes extensive references. It is organized around major components of animal...

Disarming a Deadly Virus (German version, 2000) - Proteases are a class of enzymes that degrade proteins by cutting the bond between the amino acids that make up the protein. Scientists realized that enzymes act on specific molecules called substrates by binding to...

From Explosives to the Gas that Heals (German version, 2000) - Alfred Nobel is best remembered for the Nobel Prizes awarded in his name every year. But he was also the inventor of dynamite, an explosive made from nitroglycerin. This article tells the story of how nitroglycerin (via...

Polymers and People (German version, 1999) - In 1920, a German scientist first proposed the correct structure for polymers as long chain molecules of many identical or similar chemical units. While testing this theory, another scientist produced a very successful...

The Hepatitis B Story (German version, 2000) - Although hepatitis had been recognized for centuries, it was in the 1940s when doctors came to suspect that a virus carried in human blood was responsible. The breakthrough came from a study in which researchers were...

Unraveling the Enigma of Vitamin D (German version, 2000) - Rickets was a common disease afflicting children in the eighteenth century. Physicians realized that these diseases were related to “accessory food factors,” which led scientists to demonstrate the existence of...

When the Earth Moves (German version, 1999 ) - The development of the seismograph enabled seismologists to detect and locate earthquakes and probe the interior of the planet. This knowledge led to the idea in 1915 that the seven continents were once one large land...

Designer Seeds (Japanese version, 2002) - One of the earliest methods to help plants survive disease and insect infestation was to cross-breed plants that could survive these assaults with plants that could not in the hopes of passing on the 'resistant' gene. ...

Curing Childhood Leukemia (Japanese version, 2003) - Cancer is an insidious disease where ones own cells reproduce uncontrollably. This article describes the treatment developed for leukemia, a cancer of the blood and bone marrow....

Disarming a Deadly Virus (Japanese version, 2003) - Proteases are a class of enzymes that degrade proteins by cutting the bond between the amino acids that make up the protein. Scientists realized that enzymes act on specific molecules called substrates by binding to...

Human Gene Testing (Japanese verion, 2002) - Buried in the cells of each newborn is a unique set of genetic instructions. These molecular blueprints not only shape how the child will grow and develop and whether it will have brown eyes or blue, but what sorts of...

Polymers and People (Japanese version, 2003) - In 1920, a German scientist first proposed the correct structure for polymers as long chain molecules of many identical or similar chemical units. While testing this theory, another scientist produced a very successful...

Sound from Silence (Japanese version, 2003) - This article tells the story of how research into the structure of the inner ear was combined with research in the telecommunications industry to produce a device which enables deaf people to hear....

The Hepatitis B Story (Japanese version, 2003) - Although hepatitis had been recognized for centuries, it was in the 1940s when doctors came to suspect that a virus carried in human blood was responsible. The breakthrough came from a study in which researchers were...

Unraveling the Enigma of Vitamin D (Japanese version, 2003) - Rickets was a common disease afflicting children in the eighteenth century. Physicians realized that these diseases were related to “accessory food factors,” which led scientists to demonstrate the existence of...

The Ozone Depletion Phenomenon (Japanese version, 2003) - Like an infection that grows more and more virulent, the continent-size hole in Earth's ozone layer keeps getting bigger and bigger. Each year since the late 1970s, much of the protective layer of stratospheric ozone...

When the Earth Moves (Japanese version, 2003) - The development of the seismograph enabled seismologists to detect and locate earthquakes and probe the interior of the planet. This knowledge led to the idea in 1915 that the seven continents were once one large land...

Modern Communication (Japanese version, 2002) - Many new technologies rely on lasers and fiber optics. The principle behind a laser lies embedded in the heart of quantum mechanics. Einstein built on the theory of quantum mechanics to explain the photoelectric effect...

The Global Positioning System (Japanese version, 2002) - For centuries, navigators and explorers have searched the heavens for a system that would enable them to locate their position on the globe with the accuracy necessary to avoid tragedy and to reach their intended...

Controlling Dangerous Pathogens: A Blueprint for U.S.-Russian Cooperation, A Report to the Cooperative Threat Reduction Program of the U.S. Department of Defense (Russian version, 1997) - A 14-member committee was formed which included members of a Committee on International Security and Arms Control (CISAC) working group, the co-chair of Board on International Health (BIH), and additional experts on...

Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals -- Russian Version (1996) - The Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals incorporates recent research on commonly used species, including farm animals, and includes extensive references. It is organized around major components of animal...

Modern Communication (Croatian version) - Many new technologies rely on lasers and fiber optics. The principle behind a laser lies embedded in the heart of quantum mechanics. Einstein built on the theory of quantum mechanics to explain the photoelectric effect...

Mexico City's Water Supply: Improving the Outlook for Sustainability (English and Spanish Version 1995) - This book addresses the technical, health, regulatory, and social aspects of ground water withdrawals, water use, and water quality in the metropolitan area of Mexico City, and makes recommendations to improve the...

Designer Seeds (Spanish version, 2003) - One of the earliest methods to help plants survive disease and insect infestation was to cross-breed plants that could survive these assaults with plants that could not in the hopes of passing on the 'resistant' gene. ...

Curing Childhood Leukemia (Spanish version, 2003) - Cancer is an insidious disease where ones own cells reproduce uncontrollably. This article describes the treatment developed for leukemia, a cancer of the blood and bone marrow....

Disarming a Deadly Virus (Spanish version, 2003) - Proteases are a class of enzymes that degrade proteins by cutting the bond between the amino acids that make up the protein. Scientists realized that enzymes act on specific molecules called substrates by binding to...

From Explosives to the Gas that Heals (Spanish version, 2003) - Alfred Nobel is best remembered for the Nobel Prizes awarded in his name every year. But he was also the inventor of dynamite, an explosive made from nitroglycerin. This article tells the story of how nitroglycerin (via...

Human Gene Testing (Spanish version, 2003) - Buried in the cells of each newborn is a unique set of genetic instructions. These molecular blueprints not only shape how the child will grow and develop and whether it will have brown eyes or blue, but what sorts of...

Magnetic Resonance Imaging (Spanish version, 2003) - Slurred speech or partial paralysis may signal only a seizure or migraine but can also be symptoms of stroke. Stroke is the third leading cause of death in the United States and a primary cause of serious disability....

Polymers and People (Spanish version, 2003) - In 1920, a German scientist first proposed the correct structure for polymers as long chain molecules of many identical or similar chemical units. While testing this theory, another scientist produced a very successful...

Preserving the Miracle of Sight (Spanish version, 2003) - This article tells the story of how medical research into the structure of the eye and research in physics on light and lasers met to benefit diabetes patients and others with eye problems. In 1918, an...

Sound from Silence (Spanish version, 2003) - This article tells the story of how research into the structure of the inner ear was combined with research in the telecommunications industry to produce a device which enables deaf people to hear....

Sounding Out the Ocean's Secrets (Spanish version, 2003) - Early 19th century investigators realized that the speed of sound in water is different from its speed in air. The US Naval officers using sound to measure distance encountered problems they couldn’t explain with their...

The Hepatitis B Story (Spanish version, 2003) - Although hepatitis had been recognized for centuries, it was in the 1940s when doctors came to suspect that a virus carried in human blood was responsible. The breakthrough came from a study in which researchers were...

Unraveling the Enigma of Vitamin D (Spanish version, 2003) - Rickets was a common disease afflicting children in the eighteenth century. Physicians realized that these diseases were related to “accessory food factors,” which led scientists to demonstrate the existence of...

The Ozone Depletion Phenomenon (Spanish version, 2003) - Like an infection that grows more and more virulent, the continent-size hole in Earth's ozone layer keeps getting bigger and bigger. Each year since the late 1970s, much of the protective layer of stratospheric ozone...

When the Earth Moves (Spanish version, 2003) - The development of the seismograph enabled seismologists to detect and locate earthquakes and probe the interior of the planet. This knowledge led to the idea in 1915 that the seven continents were once one large land...

Wavelets: Seeing the Forest and the Trees (Spanish version, 2003) - This article describes the development of the mathematical modeling technique known as wavelets, which is used in computer imaging and animation as well as by the FBI to encode its large database of fingerprints. In...

Modern Communication (Spanish version, 2003) - Many new technologies rely on lasers and fiber optics. The principle behind a laser lies embedded in the heart of quantum mechanics. Einstein built on the theory of quantum mechanics to explain the photoelectric effect...

The Global Positioning System (Spanish version, 2003) - For centuries, navigators and explorers have searched the heavens for a system that would enable them to locate their position on the globe with the accuracy necessary to avoid tragedy and to reach their intended...